20th Century - The Modern Design
The advent of the modern khanda emblem as seen on Nishan Sahibs today is a direct result of a continuing evolution that has spanned 500 years from the times of the Sikh Gurus. In many ways the evolution of the Sikh banner has reflected the evolution and changes in the community itself in terms of religious thought, understanding and interpretation.
Although the designer of the first modern khanda emblem remains unknown we can with certainly narrow down its emergence to roughly the first decade of the 20th century. Interestingly the advent of the modern khanda emblem did not mark a sudden end to the usage of other emblems among the Sikhs, but seems to have been a gradual process of adoption of the new design, in parallel with continued use of other designs or older Nishan Sahibs. This gradual adaptation is consistent with the same pattern seen during the 19th century and earlier where we can see multiple design elements coexisting on Nishan Sahibs during the same time period.
The seemingly complete uniformity of adoption of the modern Nishan Sahib and khanda emblem designs by the Sikh community today with few exceptions may appear as the culmination of a long process, but in fact the modern Nishan Sahib and its design may continue to change and evolve with new designs and interpretations by future generations of Sikhs as it has in the past.
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Three Sikh Guardians of the Temple
Photographer Hannah P. Adams, ca. January 24, 1906, silver gelatin print, Amritsar, SSB Collection
Photographed by an American tourist visiting Darbar Sahib this important photograph reveals one of the very early appearances of the modern khanda emblem. It is worn as a turban ornament by the Nihang on the right hand side.
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Closeup of the previous image.
In addition to wearing the usual emblems worn by members of the Nihang sect in their turbans, this young teenage Nihang also wears a large modern day khanda emblem. The emblem is not an arrangement of random weapons in his turban but a single emblem. The base of the central khanda sword is attached to the chakkar quoit and two small braces attaching the crossed tulwar swords below to the round chakkar are also visible. This indicates that the entire emblem is one single design and not a collection of individual pieces put together that may resemble a khanda emblem by coincidence.
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Prince of Wales Visit to Amritsar
ca. December 11, 1905, silver gelating print
This photograph is from the royal tour of India by the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King George V and Queen Mary). The same young Nihang wearing the modern khanda emblem in his turban can also be seen on the right hand side in this photograph taken one month before the photograph by Hannah P. Adams. Another photograph of this same Nihang taken a few years later now a bit older with his beard starting to grow has also been uncovered.
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Guru Gobind Singh Celebration flyer
Khalsa Divan Society, ca. December 1911, Vancouver, Canada
A flyer promoting the upcoming December 27th, 1911 celebration at the Vancouver Gurdwara of the birth of Guru Gobind Singh. This represents one of the very earliest uses of the modern day khanda emblem by an organization or gurdwara.
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Closeup of the previous image.
The design is quite similar to the khanda emblem used today. The angle of the two kirpans is more extreme and less rounded than current designs. The top of the khanda sword ends within the chakkar quoit rather than above it, this variation is still seen in some modern designs today.
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Opening Ceremony of the Victoria Gurdwara
ca. 1912, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
The Sikh in the front row on the right hand side is holding a Nishan Sahib banner. North American Sikh immigrants seem to have been early adopters of the new emblem.
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Closeup of the previous image.
Although slightly folded, the two curved swords, central khanda sword and chakkar quoit of a modern configuration are clearly visible on this light colored Nishan Sahib.
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Sikh Parade
ca. 1918, silver gelatin print, Simon Fraser University, Kohaly Collection
The Nishan Sahib carried by the flag bearer at the front of the procession reveals the outlines of the modern day khanda emblem visible in the folds of the banner.
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Closeup of the previous image.
The Nishan Sahib looks almost identical to those used today. Common to most modern designs the central tulwar sword tip is seen extending and ending above the chakkar quoit. Another less common variation still used has the khanda sword ending within the chakkar.
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Vancouver Gurdwara
ca. 1930's, British Columbia, Canada, Boxie S. Dosanjh and Gurdev K. Dosanjh Collection
The front façade of the Gurdwara has khanda emblems on each of its main support columns.
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Closeup of the previous image.
The design of the khanda emblems is quite similar to todays design. The angle of the two kirpans is more extreme and less rounded than current designs. The top of the khanda sword ends within the chakkar quoit rather than above it, this variation is still seen in some current designs today.
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Nabha Akal Infantry Military Badge
ca. 20th century, prior to 1947, Gurmit Singh & Satnam Singh Collection
Military badge of the Akal Infantry unit of the Sikh Kingdom of Nabha. The design includes a central khanda sword whose point ends within the circle of the chakkar, but unlike other early khanda designs, the base of the khanda sword blade also starts within the chakkar as well.
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300th Anniversary of the Birth of Guru Gobind Singh
Issued January 17, 1967, India, SSB Collection
The first known stamp to feature the Nishan Sahib. It is seen flying at the leftmost edge of Takht Sri Patna Sahib Gurdwara on the stamp. Details of the emblem on the Nishan Sahib are not discernible.
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Kenya Khanda Stamp
ca. 1984, Kenya, SSB Collection
The first known stamp to feature the Sikh khanda emblem. Issued by the Government of Kenya to commemorate the Fourth World Assembly at Nairobi by members of the the World Conference of Religions for Peace. The outer tulwar swords have been stylized with their tips touching each other at the top to form a continuous outer circle around the inner chakkar circle.
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Sikh Canadians Stamp
Design by Stacey Zabolotney, issue date April 19, 1999, Canada Post
Issued to commemorate 100 years of Sikhs in Canada and the 300th anniversary of the Khalsa. Vancouver stamp designer Stacey Zabolotney collaborated with Sikh community members in British Columbia and Ontario to ensure the most important and representative symbols were incorporated. The stamp design bears a strong resemblance to the early 1911 khanda design with the central khanda sword ending within the circle of the chakkar quoit.